Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Comparing Human Lives

â€Å"Fiat justitia et pereat mundus.† This is a quote from Emperor Ferdinand I that’s translates, â€Å"Let justice be done, though the world perish.† Although this was quoted over 500 years ago, the message that it portrays can still be applied today. In William Godwin’s â€Å"Comparing Human Lives,† he constantly refers to the word justice when discussing whether or not the life of Fenelon, the Archbishop of Cambrai, is more important than the life of his chambermaid. Although Godwin does bring up very supportive arguments that support his rational way of thinking, I believe that his ethics of gratitude being no part either of justice or virtue is highly inaccurate. Before we get into the topic of justice I think that it’s crucial to understand just what the word actually means. According to Webster’s Dictionary the word justice comes from the Latin term justitia, which means the maintenance or administration of what is just, or acting or being in conformity with what is morally upright or good. This is important to understand when reading Godwin’s passage because his rational of justice states that we live in a hierarchy of classes, where one person has more of a right to live than another. He starts off by saying that â€Å"man is more worth than beast† because we are capable of more â€Å"refined and genuine happiness.† Although this might be true and although it is â€Å"probable that one of us (as humans) is a being of more worth and importance than another,† how do you determine the value of your life verses another? In his example, there is a fire where Fenelon, the archbishop, and his chambe rmaid are trapped and if you could only save one of their lives, whose would you choose? Godwin’s thinking is that the life of Fenelon is preferable to that of his chambermaid so you would be doing the just thing by saving Fenelon and to do otherwise would be a â€Å"breach of justice.† Although I do agree that Fenelon is a be... Free Essays on Comparing Human Lives Free Essays on Comparing Human Lives â€Å"Fiat justitia et pereat mundus.† This is a quote from Emperor Ferdinand I that’s translates, â€Å"Let justice be done, though the world perish.† Although this was quoted over 500 years ago, the message that it portrays can still be applied today. In William Godwin’s â€Å"Comparing Human Lives,† he constantly refers to the word justice when discussing whether or not the life of Fenelon, the Archbishop of Cambrai, is more important than the life of his chambermaid. Although Godwin does bring up very supportive arguments that support his rational way of thinking, I believe that his ethics of gratitude being no part either of justice or virtue is highly inaccurate. Before we get into the topic of justice I think that it’s crucial to understand just what the word actually means. According to Webster’s Dictionary the word justice comes from the Latin term justitia, which means the maintenance or administration of what is just, or acting or being in conformity with what is morally upright or good. This is important to understand when reading Godwin’s passage because his rational of justice states that we live in a hierarchy of classes, where one person has more of a right to live than another. He starts off by saying that â€Å"man is more worth than beast† because we are capable of more â€Å"refined and genuine happiness.† Although this might be true and although it is â€Å"probable that one of us (as humans) is a being of more worth and importance than another,† how do you determine the value of your life verses another? In his example, there is a fire where Fenelon, the archbishop, and his chambe rmaid are trapped and if you could only save one of their lives, whose would you choose? Godwin’s thinking is that the life of Fenelon is preferable to that of his chambermaid so you would be doing the just thing by saving Fenelon and to do otherwise would be a â€Å"breach of justice.† Although I do agree that Fenelon is a be...

Friday, November 22, 2019

College Essay Myth Never Write a College Essay About Sports

College Essay Myth Never Write a College Essay About Sports You’ve probably heard the myth that you should never, ever write a college essay about one topic or another. Sports is one of the big no-nos. Who wants to hear about another come-from-behind winning game, right? But the fact is, as I related in my last blog, there are no good or bad essay topics, only good or bad essays. Luckily for you, I have obtained permission from my nephew to share his very good essay about – you guessed it – sports. Please read and enjoy – and notice why this college essay about sports stands above the rest. I’ll give you a hint: He has a sense of humor about himself. He relates his internal story a lot more than the external facts of the game. He comes full circle from the first paragraph to the last, with growth in between. And he writes about something he loves. (And in case you were wondering, he got into Northwestern University, UT Austin, and every other school to which he applied.) College Essay About Sports As a 4’9† high school sophomore, the first couple of weeks on the bench of the JV team brought me to the conclusion that my competitive baseball-playing days were over. In my initial despair, I longed for just one more chance. Ever since little league, baseball had been a part of me. Letting go of it mid-high school simply wouldn’t do. Then I remembered the time when I had filled in as an umpire at the little league where I grew up. The thought of watching baseball games for money, with my only job being to concentrate on each play and make a decision, was appealing. Umpiring wasn’t playing, but it was something, so I gave it another try. It was a few weeks into my new endeavor. The score was 15-0, top of the fourth, and it was already 9:20 p.m. Although there was no feasible way for the home team to win due to the five-runs-per-inning rule, all games were required to go four complete innings. Ugh. I want to go home. Hmmm, What if the pitcher were to throw a pitch that were even somewhat close to being a strike? It wouldn’t affect the outcome of the game, so could I maybe make an exception? No, that would be wrong. I can’t do that. In fact, since I am even thinking about this, my brain is probably going to expand the strike zone subconsciously, and therefore I should make a conscious effort to tighten it. Oh God, what am I even DOING? Umpiring was a bit more complicated than I expected. And, frustrating as it could be at times, I loved it. As an umpire, I constantly find myself lost in internal debates over my biases that I never experienced as a player. There are times when I realize, with some anxiety, that my decision agreed with what I had personally hoped would happen, or with a previous argument a coach had made, or with the latest grumblings of the fans. Although I generally consider myself fair, I have sudden crises, wondering whether I have committed the ultimate sin in umpiring: letting other people’s â€Å"calls† replace my own. I can usually convince myself that these instances are coincidental, but it’s still challenging to take in so much information from all sides about how the game is being perceived, and still be true to what I saw happen. As a player, one of my favorite parts of baseball had always been the mental game. I filled the â€Å"down time† that many others found boring with discussions and arguments with my teammates about strategy or rules. I have carried that aspect over into umpiring, mostly through discussions with coaches. Sometimes the most frustrating part of umpiring is when coaches accept my call without argument even though they don’t agree, saying â€Å"That’s ok, you’re the umpire.† Many umps would welcome this submission, but I find it even more offensive than being screamed at. Sometimes I talk to coaches between innings to further explain why I called what I did. These gestures are often appreciated, if not for my opinion, then for my attitude. The conversations are also far more mentally stimulating than the constant dispute the shortstop and I used to have over who should cover second base on a steal. I don’t wear a glove or swing a bat anymore, but I still consider myself a baseball player. I view the almost 100 games I’ve umpired as merely a position change. Although I have only made â€Å"great plays† by shouting my interpretation of what happened, and the pressure of the game is to perform mentally rather than physically, I now have the one more chance I desired. Even as I tower (albeit only by a few inches) over the players in size, and wear a different uniform, I feel more a part of each game than I ever have. So if you want to write a college essay about sports, go for it! And if you need help with how to say it, The Essay Expert is here to coach you. Check out our College Admissions Services page for more about what we offer and what others have to say about our services.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

A River Sutra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A River Sutra - Essay Example The man had been tutored by her father and had promised to marry her after he had learned his music. A young executive who worked at a tea company lives a wasteful life until he meets a young woman called Rima and falls in love with her. The woman puts a spell on him and he becomes insane. He goes to the river and makes a mud image of goddess and he regains his sanity back. In summary, the river offered love and life to all the people. The other theme the author reveals in the book is misery. The people who visit the river experience suffering and seek happiness. The monk, despite being wealthy, is not satisfied in his life. He had lived a poor life and he sought something more from life. Mohan is taunted and sneered by his wife for being poor. He takes a young boy, Imran who sings beautifully but the wife sells the young boy to a master for five thousand rupees. The master slits the boy’s throat and Mohan commits suicide afterwards, his life has been full of suffering. It is clear that the people have different beliefs regarding the river. The people who pay pilgrimage believe the river is one of the holiest in India. However, it is a paradox that the river means ‘whore’. The archeologists who conduct a dig in the river wonder about the immortality of the river and makes fun that the people believe that it is sacred. Therefore religion is a complimenting theme in the book. People from various religious backgrounds such as Muslims, Hindus and Jain monks pay pilgrimage to the river. .The stories reveal that man must undergo suffering in order to attain perfection of power from the river. This is portrayed when the archeological professor Shankar realizes he is the Naga Baba that rescued Umi from a brothel as an ascetic and immersed her in the river for cleansing. In conclusion, the stories in the book link love forgiveness and happiness to each individual’s belief. Regardless of their different religious beliefs, the river

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Researched Essay Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Researched Essay Assignment - Research Paper Example Through his wide knowledge and royal connections, he was able to design clothes for popular individuals, which made his designed become increasing famous and create a class in his works (Carroll 150). During this period, the dresses, which were worn by individuals, and the materials utilised in making the accessories which they wore, defined a social class which an individual belonged to. The queen of France developed elaborate gowns that she used to create her persona during the 19th century. The aspects of creating a persona through dressing and accessories resulted in individuals wishing to connect to the queen by adopting similar dressing codes. These gowns became the cultural norm for the women of higher social class in France during the early 19th century. Through the fashion, the queen was able to articulate herself and set precedence for other monarchs, which were relatively common during that period. It became increasingly popular for monarchs to have an official dress code, which mainly resulted from common fashions. Paris has been highly associated with fashion because of the early development in fashion within the city. Fashion magazines from different countries commonly sent editors to fashion shows in Paris and the fashion stores in order to gather materials, for writing about fashion. Many people commonly seem to copy the well, developed designs that have been established and Paris offered exquisite designs of many products ranging from clothing, shoes and even ornaments. The spread of French fashion was enhanced through these magazines, which individuals in other parts of the world relied on to make decisions regarding fashion products. As the popularity of fashion magazines increased, many of them began including photographs which became influential on the future designs adopted in different regions of the world. The magazines were greatly sought after and had a noteworthy consequence on

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Corporate Social Responsibility in the C0-Operative Bank Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility in the C0-Operative Bank Essay 1. Introduction This report aims to review the corporate social responsibility (CSR) models which managers should consider important when deciding their CSR stance. The report will also review the corporative bank and their stakeholders regarding CSR. The report will then go on to analyse and evaluate the corporative bank’s CSR and ethical position. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a topic has received the attention of organisations and managers as a whole. The 1950s marked the start of the modern era of CSR for managers, where Howard R. Bowen (1953) defines social responsibilities in his publication as the businesses’ duty to make decision and follow principles that are acceptable to society. However, Milton Friedman (1970) argued that social responsibilities is for people not businesses, he claims that the only responsibility business managers should have is to use all their resources to maximise profit and increase shareholder’s wealth (Friedman, York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970, pp. 32-34). 2.1 Carroll’s CSR Models In 1979, Carroll developed a social responsibility model with a hierarchy of four responsibilities, starting from economic, moving to legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities (see fig. 1.1). This CSR model talks about responsibilities which are the main areas that managers should consider when taking a stance on CSR. The summarised views of Carroll’s hierarchy are businesses should strike to make profit as their main priority, and then complies with the rules and regulations of the law; also behave ethically and finally be good corporate citizen (Carroll, 1979, p.500). The hierarchical four responsibility model was later improved by Carroll in 1991 as â€Å"pyramid of corporate social responsibility† (see Fig. 1.2). 2.2 Modern CSR Arguments As the definition of CSR developed and gain more attention over the years, more arguments over CSR began emerge. In reviewing CSR, both Goyder (2003) and Moore (2003) argued that firms claiming CSR in expectation of achieving greater profitability is unethical. Firms should take up CSR only if they can ensure positive impact on society and the environment. Even though Jones (2003) argued that managers must not use CSR as a business strategy but should see it as an ethical stance. However, he does not believe firms taking advantage of the opportunity to make profit is unethical. (Wan Saiful wan-Jan, 2006, pp.176-184) 2.3 Introduction of 3C-SR Model In order to counter the deficiencies of previous approaches, Meehan et al (2006) devised the 3C-SR model- â€Å"competitive advantage through â€Å"social resources†Ã¢â‚¬ . This model claims that Corporate Responsibility (CR) is a tool to making profit not ways of reducing revenue. This model is made up of three inter-related components, ethical and social commitment, connection with partners and consistency of behaviour. According to Meehan et al, if management encompasses all three elements it will build a strong corporate social performance and become a good corporate citizen. (Meehan et al, 2006). However, the models has not been based on observations and experiments, also there was no criticisms by other authors. It is subjective base and was not well supported. 3. The Co-operative Bank and Their Stakeholders The Co-operative bank is a part of the co-operative group, the largest consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom (UK). The bank offers a range of financial services such as saving accounts, current accounts loans and overdrafts. They are an organisation that makes profit consistently while operating in a socially and environmentally responsible manner by putting their ethics into action (www.co-operativebank.co.uk). The Co-operative Bank is sensitive to the needs of all their stakeholders (see fig 1.3). It aspires to meet common economic, social, environmental and cultural needs of their stakeholders. Stakeholder of a company is anyone who has can be affected or can affect the company’s actions or decisions. The co-operative bank acts quickly on relevant and important stakeholder concerns. Engagement with their stakeholders is an important continuous activity. The cooperative bank’s CSR stance of responsible finance which consists of ethical screening, financial inclusion and microfinance is important to each of their stakeholders. (Co-operative bank sustainability policy, 2010) 4. THE CO-OPERATIVE BANK’S CSR and ETHICAL STANCE ANALYSIS 4.1 Sethi’s Three-Stage Schema Sethi’s three-stage schema is useful in determining and analysing the Co-operative bank’s adjustments of their corporate behaviour to social needs. There are three categories of social commitments; social obligation, social responsibility and social responsiveness (Sethi 1975, pp. 58-64, cited Carroll, 1979). Social obligation refers to companies behaving in response to market forces or legal restrictions. Managers of such companies only limit their response to social issues which are guided by law and the economic system. Social responsibility is corporations acknowledging social values and expectations also the importance of ethics. Whilst social responsiveness states that it is important for firms to search for ways to be socially responsibly in the continuous changing society in the long run than how to react to social pressures (Sethi 1975, pp. 58-64). Co-operative bank is continuously searching for ways to be socially and ethically responsible to meet to match the dynamic social system. They are constantly coming up with ethical policies either to meet suppliers needs or customers needs. They plan to the most socially responsible business in the UK. The bank is also making profit maintaining their economic duty to be successful. (http://www.co-operative.coop/join-the-revolution/our-plan/responsible-finance) 4.2 The 3C-SR Model Ethical and Social commitments: This element represents the values aspect of social resources. This component comprises of the promises that organisation made to their stakeholders, also the ethical standards set by them which are stated in their mission statement and goals. (Meehan et al, 2006). The Co-operative bank seeks to be the leading retail bank in global financial services industry. They have been operating with values that have been handed down by the founders which are social responsibility, openness and honesty. They aim; ââ€" ª To be profitable ââ€" ª To meet customers and community needs ââ€" ª To respond to members and give them a fair return ââ€" ª To be an ethical leader and exemplary employer in order to inspire others The Bank is very committed to delivering value to their stakeholders. In 1992 they launched their ethical policy when the customers requested that they would like their money to be invested ethically. The policy was formed to reflect customers’ ethical concern not that of the managers. The bank practice ethics in action by turning away businesses that are involve in unethical practices (fossil fuel extraction, child labour etc). The bank’s suppliers gets paid fair price and there is effective communication between them and the bank, which leads long term relationship. With the banks fantastic delivering value policy some customers and employees are yet to be satisfied. (The co-operative bank sustainability report) The Co-operative Asset Management (TCAM) ensures that there is gender balance within their banks employees and also there is no discrimination. In 2010, the bank extended this policy to other companies they do business with (The co-operative bank sustainability report, 2010, p112). Connections with partners in the value network Norman and Ramirez (1993, p69, cited Meehan et al) claims that a business network gets value from a value creating system in which all the stakeholders and the business itself work to together to create value. Meehan et al believe that if anyone of the parties fails to embrace the value network structure, then the socially oriented business model is bound to fail. If one organisation chooses to associate with another organisation, the nature of that relationship should be based on credibility on both parties, then the value structure works. In the other if on party fails to meet the commitment of the other then a stakeholder deficit will occur (see fig 1.4). The Co-operate bank ensures that their corporate customers share the same values with them as in gender equality and anti-discrimination through their TCAM. There is also their ethical screening which helps them maintain the ethical finance image. The ongoing employee, members and customers survey ensure that the connection between them and the bank is still there (The co-operative bank sustainability report). Consistency of behaviour The consistency element refers to organisations implementing their policy to conform to the commitments and maintain the performance in the long term. It is the behavioural component of the social resources over time and across all aspects of an organisations operation. The common source of criticism is when businesses claims to be socially responsible and fails to act responsibly towards society. (Meehan et al) The Co-operative bank’s ethical policies and social responsibilities have been improved to meets stakeholders needs and maintained over the years. The bank has been consistent with a satisfaction survey for their employees called â€Å"the Voice† carried out twice a year. They have also maintained their investments to their local communities and society at large over the years (The co-operative bank sustainability report). Ethical investment policy generated in 1992 is still an ongoing process for the bank (http://www.thenews.coop). In maintaining this policy, the bank is loose out on income resulting to a reduction in income for turning business away. 5. Conclusion This report has reviewed some of the different CSR theories and models that are important to managers when they are deciding on their CSR approaches. The report also reviewed how CSR has been evolving over the years with theories and models of different scholars. The co-operative bank engages their stakeholders in all their CSR approaches which help them to understand the stakeholders better. The bank understands the fact that a successful business occur only when all the stakeholders work together with mutual ethical values. Using the sethi’s three stage schema and the 3C-SR model to evaluate the Co-operative bank, it is quite clear that the bank is an ethically and socially responsible corporation. Even thought they are losing income and spending a lot to remain ethically and socially responsible they still insist on maintaining ethical policy. On the other hand the benefits of sustaining their ethical policy out weight the losses being made. The bank made a more profit in 2010 than 2009. The bank is not only using CSR as a business strategy but they are also being sensitive to all the needs of their stakeholders including positive impact the environment. REFERENCES Articles Carroll, A.B. (1979), â€Å"A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 4, No.4, pp. 497-505 Bowen, H.R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper, New York, NY. Carroll, A.B. (1991), The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: towards the moral the moral management of organizational stakeholders†, Business Horizons, July/August, pp. 39-40 Carroll, A.B. (1998), â€Å"The four Faces of Corporate Citizenship†, Business and society Review Vol.100 No.1, pp.1-7 Friedman, M., (1970) â€Å"The Social responsibility of business is to increase its profit†, York Times Magazine, September 13 1970, pp. 32-34). Meehan, J; Meehan, K; Richards, A. (2006), â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: the 3C-SR model†, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 33, pp.386 398 Sethi, S.P. ((1975), â€Å"Dimensions of corporate social responsibility†, California Management Review, Vol. 17, No.3, pp. 58-64 Wan Saiful Wan-Jan, (2006), â€Å"Defining Corporate Social responsibility†, Vol. 6, Issue 3-4, pp. 176-184

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Destiny, Fate, and Free Will in Oedipus the King - A Victim of Fate :: Oedipus Rex Essays

Oedipus the King as a Victim of Fate Among the first thing a historian discovers in his study of early civilization are records of people's belief, or faith, in powers greater than themselves, and their desire to understand what causes these powers to act. People everywhere wonder about the marvelous things in the sky and on the earth. What makes the rain? How do the plants and animals live and grow and die? Why are some people lucky and others unlucky? Some believe in free will while others believe in fate or destiny. In the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Oedipus was a true victim of fate. Gods and goddesses were believed to be responsible for the wonders of science, and the vagaries of human nature; therefore, according to the facts of this story, Oedipus was a true victim of fate for several reasons. Laius and Jocasta, the childless king and queen of Thebes, were told by the god Apollo that their son would kill his father and marry his mother (page 56). A son was born to them, and they tried to make sure that the prophecy would not come true. They drove a metal pin through the infants ankles and gave it to a shepherd, with instructions to leave it to die. The shepherd pitied the little infant so he gave the child to another shepherd. This shepherd gave the baby to a childless king and queen of Corinth, Polybus and Merope. This royal couple named the boy Oedipus, which in its Greek form Oidipous means "swollen foot." Oedipus was brought up believing that Polybus and Merope were his real parents, and Lauis and Jocasta believed that their child was dead and the prophecy of Apollo was false. Many years later, he was told by a drunk man at a banquet that he was not a true heir of Polybus (page 55). He then went to the oracle of Apollo, to ask the god who his real parents were. All he was told was that he would kill his father and marry his mother (page 56). He resolved never to return to Corinth, to Polybus and Merope, and started out to make a new life for

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Importance of Labeling of Goods and Products

In the grocery store anyone can find a plethora of goods that have the potential to improve human life in the simplest ways. Goods such as a Snickers bar, which can provide a little relaxation from an insane day at the job, or a gallon of milk, so that the kids can have something to drink with the nutritious breakfast that was also bought at the grocery store. Yet one aisle in this great place of choices destroys the relaxing candy bar or the weekly gallon of milk. This aisle is heavily perfumed and can not be avoided because it is placed smack-dab in the middle of the store. This aisle is the chemical aisle. It contains things from Mr. Clean, which cleans up the spilled milk that dried on the linoleum floor, to Raid which is supposed to get rid of flies at the next family bar-b-que. Even though life in general would be easier and more enjoyable without insects that can be bothersome, it is not necessary to pollute the air, ground, food, and liquids that are used daily by the inhabitants of the planet Earth, nor is it necessary to give misleading information about the products being used to boost sales and get a higher profit. The government should make stricter laws on the labeling of goods that contain chemicals which could be potentially hazardous to one's health. First, â€Å"corporations are trying to mislead consumers into believing household pesticides are harmless,† according to Marion Moses, M. D. of the Pesticide Education Center in San Francisco (â€Å"Latest Organic†). Raid, a product produced by S. C. Johnson Corporation, which is used to kill roaches, ants, and flies, has inscribed on the side of its container â€Å"Made with pyrethrins: pyrethrin insecticide is made from flowers† (18). That fact is very reassuring in its own way, but what is not mentioned on the label is that only eight-tenths of one percent of Pyrethrin is actually used in the production of Raid (18), and that the most active ingredient is Dursban which can cause numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache, dizziness, tremor, nausea, just to name a few(Extoxnet). Also, over ninety-eight percent of Raids ingredients are inert, which do not have to be named on the label (â€Å"Latest Organic†). The government must stop companies from being able to hide ingredients used in their products and should be forced to tell the general public what is being used in the products. It is interesting to know that some of the most dangerous chemicals are not labeled, and, if they are, Dursban for example, they are labeled as something that does not pose any sort of danger. Yet even if the chemicals are labeled, and all of the amounts are placed on the back of the product so that the consumer can see what is used in the item, who is going to go home and look the chemicals up in places like the Extoxnet site or in the encyclopedia to see if the chemical will hurt them. But still, those problems can be solved easily if the companies would just sit down and consider what is being done to the public and what should be done to solve the problem. Fruits and vegetables are another problem all of there own though. It would be scary to see a label rite on the skin of an apple or a leaf of lettus. A list, that could be easily accessible, should be made up that states all of the chemicals sprayed on fruit. This way the dangers of chemicals such as Fonofos, which is primarily used on corn crops(Extoxnet), would be available and people would be aware of the potential hazards that come with the chemicals used in their products. Labeling or letting the general public know what is being used on apples to keep worms off them should be enforced by the government. It would be a relatively easy process since the companies already know what chemicals are being used on their products. But as long as Corporate America still feels the need to hide every little thing from the public, the public is doomed to walk up and down the aisles of the supermarket so that they can find one can of insecticide that might be able to kill the flies which are flying around the potato salad.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Mary Wollstonecraft vs. Jean Jaques Rousseau

Allison Link Global History 2 Honors – McIvor Enlightenment Essay 10/1/12 The late 18th century can be known as the historical period of the Enlightenment. During this time, society was undergoing drastic changes that would impact people even today. These changes were known as â€Å"reforms,† and played a big role in politics and ruling during this time period. One of the bigger reforms of this time was that which would grant women a higher education and place them in a position closer to their male counterparts.The enlightenment authors, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft, took part in a debate in which they argued about the purpose and education of women. In an article recently written in The New York Times by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, the impact of the Enlightenment authors’ work on the 21st century is described. Though both of the authors expressed their arguments well, Mary Wollstonecraft’s debate was overall more persuasive and c onvincing than that of Jean Jacques Rousseau’s, and her argument has had a bigger impact on the modern world.In an excerpt from Jean Jacques Rousseau’s writing, Emile, he went into detail about his philosophy on how women should be seen and how they should be educated. He stated that women are made solely for the purpose of pleasing men and that their education should follow such purposes. He said that, â€Å"The man should be strong and active; the woman should be weak and passive,† and when the woman tries to become equal to man, in only results in turmoil among society and family.He wrote about how men can do with out women, but women rely completely on men, and most of his reasoning behind these statements was that the purpose of women has been decreed by nature. In terms of education, he believed that the instruction of a woman â€Å"must be planned in relation to man. † Rousseau stated that rather than an academic education, women should partake in an education that would help to train a man in childhood, and to please and console him in adulthood.Although he got his argument across through some logical reasoning, most of the aspects of his argument bash women and were completely in favor of men. While men who read his writings might agree with Rousseau, the majority of women will find his works distasteful and biased. He also only used his own opinions in his arguments, as opposed to incorporating those of other Enlightenment authors or authors on the subject. Because Rousseau only used his own biased opinions and directed them towards the male audience, what he wrote was not entirely persuasive.Mary Wollstonecraft’s, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, is another example in which an Enlightenment author exhibits their opinion on the education and purpose of women. Contradictory to Rousseau’s writing, Wollstonecraft believed that women have a greater purpose than to serve man, and that is to be independent and care for others while they also care for themselves. She stated that unlike in Emile, women should be seen as and act independently and take care of themselves. She believed that women are not on this Earth for the purpose of serving men, and that they can stray away from these duties if they wish.Education wise, Wollstonecraft believed that a woman should not be limited to caring for their families, but may choose to pursue a higher learning, such as nursing and healing. But, she also said that caring for their children and husbands is not to be seen as a lesser job that women take part in, and that it is to be respected. Although Wollstonecraft incorporated some disadvantageous reasoning into her arguments, such as religion, a controversial topic, and many opinions, which can lead to bias, much of what she says made her essay persuasive to both genders.Her arguments were backed up by opinions of her own and those of Rousseau’s, which make them less biased towards women. Sh e also respects others’ arguments that women can have purpose in caring for their families. Due to her variety of reasoning that target both genders, her argument can be considered persuasive. As written in The New York Times article, The Women's Crusade, authors Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn have expanded on the importance of the role that women play in everyday lives, and the hardships that women face because of the lack of respect and sexist assumptions that they receive.But with more and more women becoming educated and equal to men, they are become successful and respected members of society. Through all of the callous hardships women face, from sex trafficking, to wives living with abuse and poverty, they state that with the right help and ambition have become women who are respected and looked up upon society. Mary Wollstonecraft writes in an excerpt from her writing about women’s rights, â€Å"Her first wish should be to make herself respectable, and not to rely for all her happiness on a being subject to like infirmities with herself. This statement is the basis for her argument that women should be able to choose the lives that they want to live and should not be constrained by society’s norms. The two authors from the article The Women’s Crusade and Mary Wollstonecraft, although born and raised in different centuries, still carry the same morals and stand up for the rights of woman. Both the modern day authors and the past author believe that women should be able to choose their own path and destiny in order to live their lives freely.Of the two enlightenment authors, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft, Wollstonecraft was able to persuade better and relate more to modern day views of women through her writing. She believed that women should be able to choose their own paths and change her time period’s definition of a woman. These changes that she believed were necessary were known as reforms durin g the period of The Enlightenment. Thought some of the reforms during this time were purely cosmetic and did not help society, Wollstonecraft’s reform on women was one that would benefit her society and that of the 21st century.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Derechos migratorios de padres de ciudadano de EE.UU.

Derechos migratorios de padres de ciudadano de EE.UU. En la actualidad, ser padre o madre de un ciudadano americano menor de 21 aà ±os no da lugar a ningà ºn derecho desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos. La respuesta es muy clara y no admite lugar a interpretaciones. No hay derecho a quedarse en Estados Unidos por esta razà ³n ni tampoco a sacar  una visa por el mero hecho de ser el pap o la mam de un nià ±o o nià ±a que es estadounidense. Es otras palabras, no es suficiente tener un bebà © en Estados Unidos Unidos  para emigrar legalmente. Adems, dependiendo de los casos puede ser un problema para los padres que desean renovar sus visas de turista. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los distintos supuestos que pueden darse cuando unas personas extranjeras tiene un hijo que tiene ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Quà © pasa si estando en Estados Unidos se tiene un hijo Si una mujer extranjera da a luz en Estados Unidos, su hijo es ciudadano de Estados Unidos salvo en el caso de que sea hijo de padre o madre diplomtico que est en el paà ­s en esa funcià ³n. La ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por nacimiento en el paà ­s, que tambià ©n se conoce como ius solii, se produce con independencia del estatus legal de los padres, en otras palabras, no importa si son indocumentados. En estos casos el bebà © tambià ©n adquiere la ciudadanà ­a.  Ni siquiera sirve para proteger frente a una posible deportacià ³n.   Pero lo que no pasar es que los padres puedan cambiar su estatus migratorio por razà ³n del nacimiento. Si son indocumentados, seguirn siendo indocumentados. Adems, para evitar perder la custodia de los nià ±os en caso de detencià ³n por estar indocumentado, es altamente recomendable explorar la posibilidad de hacer un  poder de representacià ³n  (power of attorney)  en previsià ³n de que se pueda dar esa circunstancia. Por otro lado, los padres del bebà © nacido en EE.UU. estn en el paà ­s legalmente con una visa temporal como, por ejemplo, de trabajo o de turista, debern conservar el visado para no perder su estatus y salir dentro del plazo autorizado para permanecer en el paà ­s. Padres que regresan a su paà ­s de origen con hijo nacido en EE.UU. El padre o la madre no tienen derecho a conseguir ningà ºn tipo de visado o de tarjeta de residencia por razà ³n del nià ±o. Pueden solicitarla, pero sà ³lo le ser concedida si reà ºnen por ellos mismos los requisitos para su obtencià ³n. En otras palabras, si por ejemplo, solicita un visado de turista, deber ser considerado elegible y admisible. En caso contrario la peticià ³n ser rechazada. Y asà ­ sucede con todas las visas. Por otro lado, el nià ±o que nacià ³ en Estados Unidos conserva su ciudadanà ­a aunque nunca regrese a vivir a su paà ­s de nacimiento, ya que esa no es causa para perder la nacionalidad americana. Si se desea solicitar un pasaporte para el menor o algà ºn tipo de documentacià ³n pueden pedirle un acta o certificado de nacimiento, que puede conseguirse desde el extranjero. Lo que sà ­ suceder es que de acuerdo a las leyes actuales, si el nià ±o nacido en Estados Unidos vive toda su vida en el extranjero entonces con el paso del tiempo no podr transmitirle su nacionalidad americana a sus propios hijos nacidos tambià ©n fuera de USA. Y es que para que pueda funcionar ese tipo de transmisià ³n derivada de la nacionalidad se requieren ciertos aà ±os de residencia en EE.UU., que varà ­an segà ºn se trate del padre o la madre y de si estn solteros o estn casados. Quà © pasa si el hijo es estadounidense aunque ha  nacido en el extranjero Hay casos en los que un nià ±o/a nacidos en el extranjero son estadounidenses y asà ­ consta en el Reporte Consular de Nacimientos en el Exterior. Si la ciudadanà ­a se da porque sà ³lo uno de los padres es estadounidense, el otro no puede reclamar ni una tarjeta de residencia ni una visa para los Estados Unidos argumentando que tiene un hijo americano. Sà ³lo puede obtener documentacià ³n para viajar de dos formas. En primer lugar, para emigrar definitivamente por medio de una green card, sà ³lo puede hacerlo si reà ºne por sà ­ mismo los requisitos para sacarla o si est casado con un estadounidense que le pide.   En segundo lugar, si es para viajar temporalmente a Estados Unidos, sà ³lo podr sacar una visa  no inmigrante tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, trabajo, etc. si califica por sà ­ mismo y cumple con todos los requisitos. Quà © pasa cuando el hijo estadounidense cumple los 21 aà ±os de edad El ciudadano americano que es mayor de 21 aà ±os puede solicitar la tarjeta de residencia para sus padres. Si bien deben darse los siguientes requisitos: Vivir en Estados Unidos, ya que se trata de una visa para reunificacià ³n familiar.Tener ingresos para patrocinar suficientes.Firmar un affidavit of support o juramento de apoyo econà ³mico de sus padres.Adems, es necesario que el padre o la madre que quieren gozar de este beneficio no incurran en ninguna de las circunstancias por las que se puede rechazar una peticià ³n de tarjeta de residencia permanente. ​ Si el padre o la madre se encuentran ya en EE.UU e ingresaron ilegalmente al paà ­s entonces hay un problema grande ya que no puede ajustar el estatus.  En estos casos, antes de presentar los papeles es recomendable consultar con un abogado ya que en la mayorà ­a de los casos, en la prctica, no va a ser posible arreglar los papeles.   Pero como cada caso es à ºnico, tener en consideracià ³n que en ocasiones es posible pedir un perdà ³n provisional  por dureza extrema,  tambià ©n conocido como waiver y asà ­ sacar la green card, aunque seguirà ­a  siendo necesario viajar fuera de EE.UU. para una entrevista en el consulado. Caso de hijos abandonados o abusados por sus padres Si el hijo o la hija obtienen los papeles por medio del programa de Estatus Especial de Inmigrantes Juveniles (SIJ), los padres nunca jams podrn obtener beneficios migratorios por peticià ³n del ese hijo. Caso de hijo nacido en EE.UU y padres estaban en el paà ­s con visa temporal No es infrecuente que una mujer embarazada ingrese a Estados Unidos y dà © a luz a un bebà © que, por derecho de suelo, adquiere la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. En estos casos es importante pagar los gastos del parto porque si no se hace, lo har Medicare, un programa del gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos. Hacer esto es considerado como carga  pà ºblica y, por lo tanto, causa para negar una visa o su renovacià ³n. A veces pasan aà ±os antes de que el problema se detecta, pero si el consulado o los agentes en el paso migratorio determinan que se tiene un hijo estadounidense y se sospecha que no se ha pagado por el gasto hospitalario entonces se puede negar la visa, cancelarla y, en el caso de estar en la frontera, prohibir el ingreso a Estados Unidos. Curiosidad sobre los apellidos hispanos en USA   Aunque en las à ºltimas dos dà ©cadas la migracià ³n ha llegado a niveles histà ³ricos realmente altos lo cierto es que a dà ­a de hoy la mayorà ­a de los hispanos son estadounidenses ya nacidos en el paà ­s.   Debido a los altos nà ºmeros de los flujos migratorios y de nacimientos, los latinos somos en la actualidad la mayor minorà ­a, habiendo pasado en nà ºmero a los afroamericanos. Una prueba de esta importancia demogrfica se encuentra en el censo, donde casi una veintena de apellidos latinos se encuentran entre los 100 primeros e incluso 2 estn en el top 10. Este es un artà ­culo meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French Whether you love playing tennis or watching the major international tournaments, you need to know tennis terminology  to fully appreciate the games. Why in French? Well, if youre witnessing the prestigious French Open,  created in 1891 and now  held annually  over late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, you wont miss a play or aside if you understand the players and commentators. Or maybe you want to read tennis analysis in a major French publication. If you know the lingo, you win again. The French Open and the Grand Slam Where does the French Open fit into the scheme of major international tournaments? Most importantly, its the  second major  tennis tournament comprising the global Grand Chelem (Grand Slam)  each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the  Australian Open, the  U.S. Open,  and  Wimbledon.  The  Grand Slam  tournaments, called  majors, are the worlds four most important tennis  events, each held over two grueling weeks and each offering the most prize money, attention, ranking points, and more. Tennis Singles Stars As of 2017, the winningest mens Grand Slam player of all time is Roger Federer of Switzerland who has won 19 majors: the Australian Open five times, the French Open once, Wimbledon eight times, and the US Open five times. Spains Rafael Nadal comes in second with 15 title wins, and American Pete Sampras is third with 14. Australian Margaret Court, now in her 70s, still holds the distinction of the most majors singles titles with 24: 11 wins at Australian Opens, five at the French Open, three at Wimbledon, and five at the US Open. American Serena Williams follows at 23. Steffi  Graf  of Germany  won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, and  in 1988, this phenomenal player  became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the  Golden Slam  by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year. She is also the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times. With records like this, its easy to see why tennis can be an exciting sport for both players and spectators. To understand the action, here, for your edification and enjoyment, are the top tennis terms in the French language. The World of Tennis, in French le tennis   tennis(le tournoi de) Roland-Garros, les Internationaux de France   French Open(le tournoi de tennis de) Wimbledon   Wimbledonun Grand Chelem a  Grand Slamsimple messieurs   mens singlessimple dames   womens singlesdouble messieurs   mens doublesdouble dames   womens doubles The People of Tennis   un arbitre a  refereeune invitation a  wild cardun joueur de tennis a  tennis playerun juge de ligne a  line judgele serveur the  serverle ramasseur de balles the  Ã‚  ball boyla tà ªte de sà ©rie the  seed, seeded playerla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro un the  top seed, number one seedla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro deux the  number two seed Tennis Courts and Equipment la balle de tennis the  tennis ballle carrà © de service the  service boxle choix de cà ´tà ©s the  choice of sidesle choix de service  Ã‚  the choice of servicele couloir  Ã‚  the alley, the tramlinesle court the  courtun court de terre battue a  clay courtun court en dur   a hard courtun court en gazon a  grass courtle filet the  netla ligne de fond the  baselinela ligne de service the  service linela raquette the tennis racket Tennis Serves and Shots un ace an  aceun amorti a  drop shotla balle de service a  service ballun coup a  strokele coup droit the  forehandla deuxià ¨me balle the  second serveune double faute a  double faultun effet a  spinune faute a  fault, error, outun let a  letle lift a  topspinun lob a  lobun revers a  backhandun revers deux mains a  two-handed backhandle service the  serve,  serviceun  slice a  sliceun smash a  smashune volà ©e a  volley Tennis Scoring rien, zà ©ro   lovequinze   fifteentrente   thirtyquarante   fortyA / quinze A   all / fifteen allpartout / quinze partout   all / fifteen allà ©galità ©   deuceavantage service   ad-in, advantage inavantage dehors   ad-out, advantage outla balle de break   break pointla balle de jeu   game pointla balle de match   match pointla balle de set   set pointune dà ©cision   callle jeu   gameun jeu dà ©cisif   tie-breakerjeu, set, match   game, set, matchle match the  matchout   outle set, la manche   setsur la ligne   on the line The Action donner de leffet ( une balle)   to put spin (on a ball)à ªtre au service   to have the service, to be servingfrapper   to hitjouer   to playprendre le service de quelquun   to break someones serveservir   to servetenir le score   to keep the score

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Independence in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independence in American Cinema - Essay Example Its lavish concentration on its business marketing efforts has escalated the concern of film critics and artists that Hollywood films portray an identity very different from the Americans. This "identity loss" has been addressed only during the 1980's and early 1990's by the "independent directors" who revive American identity in US independent film industry. Wikipedia defines an independent movie as a 'film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio.' In the popular sense, any film that receives less than 50% of budgeting from major studios is already considered "independent." Its creative approach in movie production enabled them to garner as much as 15% of US domestic box office revenue within the period of January to March 2005. In order to further discuss the current status of American Independent Cinema, there should be a distinction between a "national" cinema and the mainstream Hollywood. There are four defining approaches where one can distinguish "national" cinema as presented by various studies on the subject (Shaw 2002). First of the approaches is the cinema's economic aspect, how the cinema producers provide financing. The movie's subject and style constitute the second approach. While the third and fourth pertains to the appeal of the movies to the public in terms of its popular and critical acceptance. It is the shift from the studio system of shooting movies in the 1950's to 1960's that paved the way for the birth of what we know today as modern American independent cinema. The consistent production of movies that are modestly sized in budget and features was preferred instead of larger yet fewer films. In the previous decades, 1930's to 1940's, cinema performers were tied with their contracts in a major Hollywood studio that they were employed in. Both the directors and actors had a long-term contract with 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Columbia Pictures, and Warner Brothers, the major Hollywood studios in those days. Just to be temporarily employed, 'one studio will be "loaned" by one studio to another for a particular project with the expectation that such offers would be reimbursed in kind. (Yahnke n.d.)' This monopolistic approach in American cinema industry was only ended when television was introduced in 1950's, together with the improved capacity of directors to decide over their creations and the actors' capacity to become "free agents" ushered the death of studio system. (Chapter 2: Classic Films n.d.).